O*NET · 19-2012.00

Physicists

Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.

Also called Aerophysicist · Astrophysicist · Atmospheric Physicist · Biophysics Scientist · Cloud Physicist · Computational Physicist · Condensed Matter Physicist · Diagnostic Medical Physicist

18 more

Electrodynamicist · Experimental Physicist · Fluid Dynamicist · Health Physicist · Mathematical Physicist · Medical Physicist · Molecular Physicist · Nuclear Physicist · Plasma Physicist · Quantum Physicist · Radiation Control Health Physicist · Radiation Physicist · Research Physicist · Scientist · Space Physicist · Theoretical Physicist · Thermodynamic Physicist · Thermodynamicist

Job Zone 5 — Extensive Preparation NeededHolland code IRC35 skills on file

Compare with another occupation Compare with Biochemists and Biophysicists

Job Zone

Zone 5: Extensive Preparation Needed

Extensive preparation. Usually a graduate degree, with extensive skill, knowledge and experience — many of these occupations expect more than five years of experience.

Job Zone is O*NET's rating of how much education, experience and training an occupation typically needs — a property of the work, not of anyone doing it.

Occupational interest profile

IRCInvestigative · Realistic · Conventional — the three strongest interests, in order

I Investigative7.00
R Realistic4.94
C Conventional4.80
A Artistic2.75
S Social2.12
E Enterprising1.77

RIASEC (Holland) interests on O*NET's 0–7 scale: what the work draws on, not what any individual prefers. Hover a row for what each dimension means.

Education and experience

The education level respondents say the job requires, and the most common answer for experience and training.

Bachelor's Degree4%
Post-Master's Certificate8%
Doctoral Degree49%
Post-Doctoral Training39%

Related work experience: Over 2 years, up to and including 4 years (37%)
On-site or in-plant training: None (31%)
On-the-job training: Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year (24%)

Typically associated skills

All 35 O*NET skills, most important first. Importance (1–5) says how much a skill matters here; level (0–7) says how much of it the work calls for, with O*NET's example of a nearby level. Neither is a proficiency rating of a person.

SciencebasicImportance 4.9Level 5.9Level 6 looks like: Analyze aerodynamic systems to determine the practicality of a design
Critical ThinkingbasicImportance 4.6Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Evaluate customer complaints and determine appropriate responses
MathematicsbasicImportance 4.5Level 5.9Level 6 looks like: Develop a mathematical model to simulate and resolve an engineering problem
Reading ComprehensionbasicImportance 4.5Level 5.9Level 6 looks like: Read a scientific journal article describing surgical procedures
Active LearningbasicImportance 4.5Level 5.8Level 6 looks like: Identify the implications of a new scientific theory for product design
SpeakingbasicImportance 4.5Level 4.9Level 4 looks like: Interview applicants to obtain personal and work history
Complex Problem SolvingImportance 4.4Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Redesign a floor layout to take advantage of new manufacturing techniques
WritingbasicImportance 4.4Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Write an email to staff outlining new directives
Active ListeningbasicImportance 4.1Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Answer inquiries regarding credit references
Learning StrategiesbasicImportance 4.0Level 5.1Level 6 looks like: Apply principles of educational psychology to develop new teaching methods
InstructingImportance 3.9Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Instruct a coworker in how to operate a software program
Judgment and Decision MakingImportance 3.8Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Evaluate a loan application for degree of risk

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ProgrammingImportance 3.8Level 4.4Level 4 looks like: Write a statistical analysis program to analyze demographic data
MonitoringbasicImportance 3.8Level 4.1Level 4 looks like: Monitor a meeting and revise the agenda to ensure important topics are discussed
Systems EvaluationImportance 3.6Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Identify the reasons why a client might be unhappy with a product
Systems AnalysisImportance 3.5Level 4.1Level 4 looks like: Determine how a new piece of equipment will affect production rates
Social PerceptivenessImportance 3.3Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Be aware of how a coworker's promotion will affect a work group
CoordinationImportance 3.1Level 3.5Level 4 looks like: Work with others to put a new roof on a house
Operations AnalysisImportance 3.1Level 3.5Level 4 looks like: Suggest changes in software to make a system more user friendly
Management of Personnel ResourcesImportance 3.0Level 3.0Level 2 looks like: Encourage a coworker who is having difficulty finishing a project
PersuasionImportance 2.9Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Convince a supervisor to purchase new office equipment
Time ManagementImportance 2.9Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Allocate the time of subordinates to projects for the coming week
Service OrientationImportance 2.9Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Ask customers if they would like a cup of coffee
Technology DesignImportance 2.8Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Redesign the handle on a hand tool for easier gripping
Quality Control AnalysisImportance 2.6Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Inspect a draft email for errors (e.g., grammar, punctuation)
NegotiationImportance 2.6Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Present justification to a manager for altering a work schedule
Operations MonitoringImportance 2.6Level 2.6Level 2 looks like: Monitor completion times while running a computer program
Management of Financial ResourcesImportance 2.1Level 2.3Level 2 looks like: Use available funds to buy office supplies and record the amount of the purchase
Management of Material ResourcesImportance 2.1Level 2.1Level 2 looks like: Reserve a room for a management meeting
Equipment SelectionImportance 2.1Level 1.6Level 2 looks like: Select a tool to adjust a loose part on a bicycle
TroubleshootingImportance 2.0Level 1.6Level 2 looks like: Identify the source of a leak by looking under a machine
Operation and ControlImportance 1.9Level 1.4Level 2 looks like: Navigate the settings on an office printer to print on both sides of the paper
Equipment MaintenanceImportance 1.5Level 0.8
RepairingImportance 1.5Level 0.8
InstallationImportance 1.0Level —

Tasks

11 core · 5 supplemental

What people in this occupation do, as O*NET records it, core tasks first by importance (1–5).

Analyze data from research conducted to detect and measure physical phenomena.Importance 4.9
Perform complex calculations as part of the analysis and evaluation of data, using computers.Importance 4.7
Report experimental results by writing papers for scientific journals or by presenting information at scientific conferences.Importance 4.7
Describe and express observations and conclusions in mathematical terms.Importance 4.6
Collaborate with other scientists in the design, development, and testing of experimental, industrial, or medical equipment, instrumentation, and procedures.Importance 4.3
Observe the structure and properties of matter, and the transformation and propagation of energy, using equipment such as masers, lasers, and telescopes, to explore and identify the basic principles governing these phenomena.Importance 4.3
Write research proposals to receive funding.Importance 4.3
Design computer simulations to model physical data so that it can be better understood.Importance 4.0
Develop theories and laws on the basis of observation and experiments, and apply these theories and laws to problems in areas such as nuclear energy, optics, and aerospace technology.Importance 3.9
Teach physics to students.Importance 3.9
Perform peer reviews of scientific papers.Importance 3.6

Show the other 5

Conduct application evaluations and analyze results to determine commercial, industrial, scientific, medical, military, or other uses for electro-optical devices.Importance 3.2
Develop manufacturing, assembly, and fabrication processes of lasers, masers, infrared, and other light-emitting and light-sensitive devices.Importance 2.9
Conduct research pertaining to potential environmental impacts of atomic energy-related industrial development to determine licensing qualifications.Importance 2.8
Advise authorities of procedures to be followed in radiation incidents or hazards, and assist in civil defense planning.Importance 2.8
Develop standards of permissible concentrations of radioisotopes in liquids and gases.Importance 2.6

Knowledge

Bodies of knowledge the work draws on.

MathematicsImportance 4.9Level 6.6Level 7 looks like: Derive a complex mathematical equation
PhysicsImportance 4.9Level 6.7Level 7 looks like: Design a cleaner burning gasoline engine
Computers and ElectronicsImportance 4.1Level 5.9
Engineering and TechnologyImportance 4.0Level 5.7
English LanguageImportance 3.9Level 4.9Level 4 looks like: Edit an article for a news website
Education and TrainingImportance 3.3Level 4.4Level 4 looks like: Lead a quality improvement seminar
ChemistryImportance 3.0Level 4.6Level 4 looks like: Use the proper concentration of chlorine to purify a water source
DesignImportance 2.9Level 4.4Level 4 looks like: Design plans for remodeling a kitchen

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MechanicalImportance 2.8Level 4.1Level 4 looks like: Replace a valve on a steam pipe
Communications and MediaImportance 2.6Level 3.2Level 4 looks like: Host a music radio show
Administration and ManagementImportance 2.5Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Monitor progress of a project to ensure timely completion
TelecommunicationsImportance 2.2Level 2.6
AdministrativeImportance 2.0Level 2.4Level 1 looks like: Direct phone calls to the appropriate staff member
Personnel and Human ResourcesImportance 2.0Level 2.7
Law and GovernmentImportance 1.9Level 1.8Level 1 looks like: Describe the length of a U.S. presidential term
Public Safety and SecurityImportance 1.9Level 1.9Level 1 looks like: Use a seatbelt
Economics and AccountingImportance 1.7Level 1.6Level 1 looks like: Answer billing questions from credit card customers
Foreign LanguageImportance 1.7Level 1.8Level 1 looks like: Say "please" and "thank you" in a foreign language
Production and ProcessingImportance 1.7Level 1.9Level 1 looks like: Put a computer back into its packing materials
BiologyImportance 1.6Level 1.7Level 1 looks like: Feed domestic animals
Building and ConstructionImportance 1.6Level 1.6Level 1 looks like: Choose the proper type of wood for adding a deck onto a house
Customer and Personal ServiceImportance 1.6Level 1.6Level 1 looks like: Process a customer's dry-cleaning drop off
GeographyImportance 1.6Level 2.0Level 1 looks like: Know the capital of the United States
Sales and MarketingImportance 1.6Level 1.5Level 1 looks like: Sell cakes at a bake sale
PsychologyImportance 1.5Level 1.2Level 1 looks like: Monitor several children on a playground
History and ArcheologyImportance 1.4Level 1.2Level 1 looks like: Take a class in US history
Sociology and AnthropologyImportance 1.4Level 1.1Level 1 looks like: Identify two cultures in a story as being different
TransportationImportance 1.4Level 0.8Level 1 looks like: Ride a train to work
Philosophy and TheologyImportance 1.3Level 1.2Level 1 looks like: Watch a TV show on family values
Therapy and CounselingImportance 1.3Level 0.9Level 1 looks like: Put ice on a sprained ankle
Fine ArtsImportance 1.2Level —
Medicine and DentistryImportance 1.2Level —
Food ProductionImportance 1.0Level —

Abilities

Enduring capacities the work calls for.

Mathematical ReasoningImportance 4.8Level 6.0Level 6 looks like: Determine the mathematics required to simulate a space craft landing on the moon
Written ComprehensionImportance 4.5Level 5.9Level 6 looks like: Understand an instruction book on repairing Artificial Intelligence systems
Number FacilityImportance 4.4Level 5.4Level 5 looks like: Compute the interest payment that should be generated from an investment
Written ExpressionImportance 4.4Level 5.6Level 6 looks like: Write an advanced economics textbook
Fluency of IdeasImportance 4.3Level 5.1Level 6 looks like: Identify as many strategies as possible for a company acquisition and merger
Inductive ReasoningImportance 4.3Level 5.5Level 6 looks like: Diagnose a disease using results of many different lab tests
Oral ComprehensionImportance 4.3Level 5.9Level 6 looks like: Understand a lecture on advanced physics
Oral ExpressionImportance 4.3Level 5.9Level 6 looks like: Explain advanced principles of genetics to college freshmen

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Deductive ReasoningImportance 4.1Level 5.5Level 5 looks like: Decide what factors to consider in selecting stocks
Information OrderingImportance 4.1Level 4.9
OriginalityImportance 4.1Level 5.5Level 6 looks like: Invent a new type of man-made fiber
Category FlexibilityImportance 4.0Level 5.0Level 6 looks like: Classify man-made fibers in terms of their characteristics, like strength or cost
Problem SensitivityImportance 4.0Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Notice from a subtle difference in a client's mood that something is bothering them
Speech ClarityImportance 4.0Level 5.1Level 6 looks like: Give a lecture to a large audience
Near VisionImportance 3.9Level 4.0Level 5 looks like: Read the fine print of a legal document
Speech RecognitionImportance 3.9Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Identify a former customer's voice over the phone
VisualizationImportance 3.8Level 4.3Level 4 looks like: Follow a diagram to assemble a metal storage cabinet
Flexibility of ClosureImportance 3.6Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Look for a golf ball in tall grass
Selective AttentionImportance 3.4Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Watch security monitors for intruders throughout the night shift
Speed of ClosureImportance 3.4Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Make sense of messy handwriting
Perceptual SpeedImportance 3.3Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Read five pressure indicators in 10 seconds to make sure each is within safe limits
Far VisionImportance 3.0Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Read the slides on a presentation from across a room
MemorizationImportance 3.0Level 3.0Level 4 looks like: Recite the first names of the five people you just met
Time SharingImportance 3.0Level 2.8Level 3 looks like: Watch street signs while driving at 30 miles an hour
Visual Color DiscriminationImportance 2.8Level 2.9
Auditory AttentionImportance 2.1Level 2.0Level 2 looks like: Listen to a lecture while people nearby are talking
Depth PerceptionImportance 2.1Level 2.0Level 2 looks like: Merge a car into traffic on a city street
Finger DexterityImportance 2.0Level 1.8Level 2 looks like: Put coins in a parking meter
Hearing SensitivityImportance 1.9Level 1.8Level 2 looks like: Notice a doorbell ringing
Trunk StrengthImportance 1.8Level 1.0Level 2 looks like: Sit up in an office chair
Control PrecisionImportance 1.5Level 0.9
Arm-Hand SteadinessImportance 1.4Level 0.8
Manual DexterityImportance 1.4Level 0.4Level 1 looks like: Screw a light bulb into a light socket
Wrist-Finger SpeedImportance 1.4Level 0.5
Extent FlexibilityImportance 1.3Level —
Rate ControlImportance 1.3Level —
Reaction TimeImportance 1.3Level —
Spatial OrientationImportance 1.1Level —
Speed of Limb MovementImportance 1.1Level —
StaminaImportance 1.1Level —
Dynamic FlexibilityImportance 1.0Level —
Dynamic StrengthImportance 1.0Level —
Explosive StrengthImportance 1.0Level —
Glare SensitivityImportance 1.0Level —
Gross Body CoordinationImportance 1.0Level —
Gross Body EquilibriumImportance 1.0Level —
Multilimb CoordinationImportance 1.0Level —
Night VisionImportance 1.0Level —
Peripheral VisionImportance 1.0Level —
Response OrientationImportance 1.0Level —
Sound LocalizationImportance 1.0Level —
Static StrengthImportance 1.0Level —

Work activities

Kinds of activity the work is made of.

Analyzing Data or InformationImportance 4.9Level 6.6Level 7 looks like: Analyze the cost of medical care services for all hospitals in the country
Working with ComputersImportance 4.9Level 5.8
Identifying Objects, Actions, and EventsImportance 4.7Level 6.5Level 7 looks like: Determine the reaction of a virus to a new drug
Processing InformationImportance 4.7Level 6.5Level 7 looks like: Compile data for a complex scientific report
Updating and Using Relevant KnowledgeImportance 4.7Level 6.5Level 7 looks like: Learn information related to a complex and rapidly changing technology
Getting InformationImportance 4.6Level 6.1Level 7 looks like: Study international tax laws
Making Decisions and Solving ProblemsImportance 4.6Level 6.3Level 7 looks like: Make the final decision about a company's 5-year plan
Thinking CreativelyImportance 4.3Level 6.3Level 7 looks like: Create new computer software

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Documenting/Recording InformationImportance 4.1Level 5.7
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationImportance 4.1Level 5.5Level 4 looks like: Estimate the time required to evacuate a city in the event of a major disaster
Developing Objectives and StrategiesImportance 4.0Level 5.3Level 4 looks like: Develop the plan to complete the merger of two organizations over a 3-year period
Training and Teaching OthersImportance 4.0Level 5.5Level 4 looks like: Teach a social sciences course to high school students
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesImportance 3.9Level 5.6
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkImportance 3.9Level 5.5Level 4 looks like: Plan and adjust a personal to-do list according to changing demands
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersImportance 3.8Level 5.6
Communicating with People Outside the OrganizationImportance 3.6Level 5.4Level 4 looks like: Present information to potential clients about available services
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsImportance 3.6Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Test electrical circuits
Coaching and Developing OthersImportance 3.4Level 4.5Level 4 looks like: Provide on-the-job training for administrative workers
Developing and Building TeamsImportance 3.4Level 4.5Level 4 looks like: Lead an assembly team in an automobile plant
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesImportance 3.4Level 4.3Level 4 looks like: Manage a small team of employees in a dynamic workplace
Coordinating the Work and Activities of OthersImportance 3.3Level 4.9Level 4 looks like: Organize the cleanup crew after a major sporting event
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsImportance 3.3Level 4.5Level 4 looks like: Maintain good working relationships with almost all coworkers and clients
Scheduling Work and ActivitiesImportance 3.3Level 4.9Level 4 looks like: Prepare the work schedule for salesclerks in a large retail store
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsImportance 3.2Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Inspect equipment in a chemical processing plant
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleImportance 3.1Level 4.6Level 4 looks like: Determine the value of property lost in a fire
Providing Consultation and Advice to OthersImportance 3.1Level 4.7Level 4 looks like: Recommend a new software package to increase operational efficiency
Monitoring and Controlling ResourcesImportance 3.0Level 3.9Level 4 looks like: Work as a chef responsible for ordering food for the menu
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsImportance 2.8Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Evaluate a complicated insurance claim for compliance with policy terms
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentImportance 2.8Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Make repairs by removing and replacing circuit boards
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentImportance 2.7Level 4.4Level 4 looks like: Specify the furniture and equipment for a new school
Controlling Machines and ProcessesImportance 2.6Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Operate a drilling rig
Performing Administrative ActivitiesImportance 2.6Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Complete tax forms for a small business
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersImportance 2.6Level 3.5Level 4 looks like: Get two subordinates to agree about vacation schedules
Staffing Organizational UnitsImportance 2.5Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Interview candidates for a sales position and make hiring recommendations
Assisting and Caring for OthersImportance 2.2Level 2.6
Performing for or Working Directly with the PublicImportance 2.2Level 2.7
Selling or Influencing OthersImportance 2.1Level 2.4Level 1 looks like: Convince a coworker to assist with an assignment
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentImportance 2.0Level 2.6
Handling and Moving ObjectsImportance 1.8Level 2.4Level 1 looks like: Change settings on copy machines
Performing General Physical ActivitiesImportance 1.7Level 1.7Level 1 looks like: Walk between workstations in a small office
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentImportance 1.6Level 1.0Level 1 looks like: Drive a car

Work context

The conditions most characteristic of the work, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale.

E-Mail4.9
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled4.9
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals4.6
Freedom to Make Decisions4.6
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate4.5
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams4.4
Level of Competition4.1
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team4.0
Spend Time Sitting3.9
Telephone Conversations3.7

Technology

74 tools

Software used in this work. In demand: among the tools job postings for this occupation name most. Hot: often named in job postings across the economy.

In demand (2)

Eclipse IDEhot
Pythonhot

Hot (27; 2 more marked hot above)

Adobe Photoshop
Amazon Web Services AWS software
Ansible software
Autodesk AutoCAD
C
C++
Extensible markup language XML
Git
JavaScript
Linux
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Azure software
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Office software
Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft Visual Basic
Microsoft Visual Studio
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Word
MySQL
Oracle Database
Oracle Java
Perl
Puppet

Show the other 3

Structured query language SQL
The MathWorks MATLAB
UNIX

Other tools (45)

Adobe Audition
Aptech Systems GAUSS
Canu
CERN Physics Analysis Workstation PAW
CERN ROOT
COMSOL Multiphysics
Criss Software XRF11
Database application software
Dose modeling software
Enterprise resource planning ERP system
Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System EPICS
Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP
GNU Octave
Gnuplot
Lenox Softworks VideoPoint
Maplesoft Maple
Mathsoft Mathcad
Microsoft Visual J++
National Instruments LabVIEW
OpenStack
OriginLab Origin
Pascal
Ploticus
Radiation dose calculation software
REDUCE
RibbonSoft QCad
RSI interactive data language IDL software
SciGraphica
SciLab
Scribus
Software development tools
Spectral Dynamics STAR
Spectroscopy software
SQLite
Statistical software
Sun Microsystems Java
Synergy Software KaleidaGraph
Systat Software SigmaPlot
Vector Fields OPERA-3d
Video analysis software
VMware
Wolfram Research Mathematica
Xfig
xv

Related occupations

O*NET's own list of the occupations most related to this one, closest first.

ESCO equivalents

From the official ESCO–O*NET crosswalk, strongest match first. A broader occupation takes in this one; a narrower one is a part of it.

Closest occupations

Compare any occupation →

Other O*NET occupations whose importance ratings on the 35 skills both rate are nearest to this one's, with the biggest differences named. A plain rule, not a hidden score.

Biochemists and Biophysicists
Average difference 0.3 points · Programming −1.5, Technology Design −0.7
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Molecular and Cellular Biologists
Average difference 0.3 points · Programming −1.7, Management of Material Resources +0.8
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Geneticists
Average difference 0.4 points · Programming −1.9, Equipment Selection −1.0
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists
Average difference 0.4 points · Science −1.6, Programming −1.5
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Average difference 0.4 points · Programming −1.8, Technology Design −1.0
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Astronomers
Average difference 0.4 points · Programming −1.5, Complex Problem Solving −0.9
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists
Average difference 0.4 points · Active Learning −1.1, Science −1.0
O*NET · Zone 4 · Compare
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary
Average difference 0.4 points · Programming −1.9, Mathematics −1.2
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare

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This page includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under the CC BY 4.0 license; O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. ESCO occupations and skills are from the European Commission's ESCO classification, and the occupation crosswalk is the official ESCO–O*NET mapping by the ESCO Secretariat with USDOL/ETA. This service uses the ESCO classification of the European Commission. BlissPoint Analytics has modified all or some of this information: skill, task and descriptor ratings are rounded to one decimal, and ESCO occupations show Job Zone and interests copied from a crosswalked O*NET occupation. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.