Occupation AtlasPrint Binding and Finishing Workers

O*NET · 51-5113.00

Print Binding and Finishing Workers

Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines.

Also called Bander · Binder · Binder Operator · Bindery Associate · Bindery Cutter · Bindery Cutter Operator · Bindery Folder Operator · Bindery Machine Operator
60 more

Bindery Machine Set-Up Operator · Bindery Machine Setter · Bindery Machine Tender · Bindery Operator · Bindery Specialist · Bindery Technician · Bindery Worker · Book Binder · Book Coverer · Book Cutter · Book Finisher · Book Mender · Book Repairer · Book Sewer · Book Sewing Machine Operator · Bookbinder · Bookbinding Machine Operator · Bookmaker · Books Binder · Case Binder Operator · Caser · Casing in Line Setter · Collating Machine Operator · Copy and Print Associate · Covering Machine Operator · Custom Bookbinder · Cutter · Finisher · Finishing Machine Operator · Finishing Operator · Foil Stamp Operator · Folder Gluer Operator · Folder Operator · Folding Machine Operator · Folding Machine Setter · Gathering Machine Setter · Hand Bindery Assembly Worker · Knife Operator · Liner Operator · Machine Operator · Magazine Repairer · Paperback Machine Operator · Perfect Binder Operator · Perfect Binder Setter · Print Binding and Finishing Worker · Print Binding Worker · Print Finishing Worker · Rounding and Backing Machine Operator · Saddle and Side Wire Stitcher · Saddle Stitch Operator · Saddle Stitcher Operator · Saddle Stitching Machine Operator · Side Stitching Machine Operator · Small Machine Bindery Operator · Spiral Binder · Spiral Binder Operator · Stitcher Operator · Stitching Machine Operator · Stitching Machine Setter · Tinning Machine Set-Up Operator

Job Zone 2 — Some Preparation NeededHolland code CRA35 skills on file

Compare with another occupationCompare with Sheet Metal Workers

Job Zone

  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5

Zone 2: Some Preparation Needed

Some preparation. Usually a high school diploma, some previous work-related skill or experience, and a few months to a year of training with experienced workers.

Job Zone is O*NET's rating of how much education, experience and training an occupation typically needs — a property of the work, not of anyone doing it.

Occupational interest profile

CRAConventional · Realistic · Artistic — the three strongest interests, in order

  • C Conventional5.49
  • R Realistic5.44
  • A Artistic2.05
  • S Social1.47
  • E Enterprising1.23
  • I Investigative1.20

RIASEC (Holland) interests on O*NET's 0–7 scale: what the work draws on, not what any individual prefers. Hover a row for what each dimension means.

Education and experience

The education level respondents say the job requires, and the most common answer for experience and training.

  • Less than a High School Diploma4%
  • High School Diploma or the equivalent88%
  • Post-Secondary Certificate4%
  • Some College Courses1%
  • Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree3%
Related work experience
Over 2 years, up to and including 4 years (41%)
On-site or in-plant training
Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year (38%)
On-the-job training
Over 1 month, up to and including 3 months (32%)

Typically associated skills

All 35 O*NET skills, most important first. Importance (1–5) says how much a skill matters here; level (0–7) says how much of it the work calls for, with O*NET's example of a nearby level. Neither is a proficiency rating of a person.

  • Operations MonitoringImportance 3.4Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Monitor machine functions on an automated production line
  • Critical ThinkingbasicImportance 3.3Level 3.0Level 2 looks like: Determine whether a subordinate has a good excuse for being late
  • MonitoringbasicImportance 3.1Level 3.0Level 2 looks like: Proofread and correct a letter
  • Reading ComprehensionbasicImportance 3.1Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Read step-by-step instructions for completing a form
  • Judgment and Decision MakingImportance 3.1Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Decide how scheduling a break will affect work flow
  • Complex Problem SolvingImportance 3.0Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Lay out tools to complete a job
  • Quality Control AnalysisImportance 3.0Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Inspect a draft email for errors (e.g., grammar, punctuation)
  • SpeakingbasicImportance 3.0Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Greet tourists and explain tourist attractions
  • Equipment MaintenanceImportance 2.9Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Clean moving parts in production machinery
  • Operation and ControlImportance 2.9Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Adjust the speed of assembly line equipment based on the product being assembled
  • Active ListeningbasicImportance 2.9Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Take a customer's order
  • CoordinationImportance 2.9Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Schedule appointments for a medical clinic
Show the other 23
  • InstructingImportance 2.9Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Instruct a new employee in the use of a timekeeping system
  • RepairingImportance 2.9Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Tighten a screw to get a door to close properly
  • Time ManagementImportance 2.9Level 2.6Level 2 looks like: Keep a monthly calendar of appointments
  • WritingbasicImportance 2.8Level 2.6Level 2 looks like: Write down a guest's order at a restaurant
  • TroubleshootingImportance 2.6Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Identify the source of a leak by looking under a machine
  • Social PerceptivenessImportance 2.6Level 2.6Level 2 looks like: Notice that customers are angry because they have been waiting too long
  • Service OrientationImportance 2.6Level 2.3Level 2 looks like: Ask customers if they would like a cup of coffee
  • Learning StrategiesbasicImportance 2.5Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Learn a different method of completing a task from a coworker
  • Management of Personnel ResourcesImportance 2.5Level 2.5Level 2 looks like: Encourage a coworker who is having difficulty finishing a project
  • Active LearningbasicImportance 2.5Level 2.4Level 2 looks like: Think about the implications of a news article for job opportunities
  • Equipment SelectionImportance 2.5Level 2.3Level 2 looks like: Select a tool to adjust a loose part on a bicycle
  • Systems AnalysisImportance 2.5Level 2.1Level 2 looks like: Determine how loss of a team member will affect the completion of a job
  • Systems EvaluationImportance 2.4Level 2.4Level 2 looks like: Determine why estimates for the time to complete a task are overly optimistic
  • PersuasionImportance 2.1Level 2.3Level 2 looks like: Solicit donations for a charity
  • MathematicsbasicImportance 2.1Level 2.1Level 2 looks like: Count the amount of change to be given to a customer
  • NegotiationImportance 2.1Level 1.9Level 2 looks like: Present justification to a manager for altering a work schedule
  • InstallationImportance 1.9Level 1.5Level 2 looks like: Install a new air filter in an air conditioner
  • Technology DesignImportance 1.6Level 1.0Level 2 looks like: Adjust exercise equipment for use by a customer
  • ProgrammingImportance 1.6Level 0.9
  • Management of Financial ResourcesImportance 1.6Level 0.8
  • Management of Material ResourcesImportance 1.6Level 0.8
  • Operations AnalysisImportance 1.3Level —
  • SciencebasicImportance 1.1Level —

Tasks

13 core · 12 supplemental

What people in this occupation do, as O*NET records it, core tasks first by importance (1–5).

  1. Read work orders to determine instructions and specifications for machine set-up.Importance 4.6
  2. Examine stitched, collated, bound, or unbound product samples for defects, such as imperfect bindings, ink spots, torn pages, loose pages, or loose or uncut threads.Importance 4.6
  3. Stitch or glue endpapers, bindings, backings, or signatures, using sewing machines, glue machines, or glue and brushes.Importance 4.5
  4. Trim edges of books to size, using cutting machines, book trimming machines, or hand cutters.Importance 4.5
  5. Install or adjust bindery machine devices, such as knives, guides, rollers, rounding forms, creasing rams, or clamps, to accommodate sheets, signatures, or books of specified sizes.Importance 4.5
  6. Maintain records, such as daily production records, using specified forms.Importance 4.4
  7. Monitor machine operations to detect malfunctions or to determine whether adjustments are needed.Importance 4.4
  8. Set up or operate bindery machines, such as coil binders, thermal or tape binders, plastic comb binders, or specialty binders.Importance 4.4
  9. Lubricate, clean, or make minor repairs to machine parts to keep machines in working condition.Importance 4.4
  10. Set up or operate machines that perform binding operations, such as pressing, folding, or trimming.Importance 4.3
  11. Prepare finished books for shipping by wrapping or packing books and stacking boxes on pallets.Importance 4.2
  12. Set up or operate glue machines by filling glue reservoirs, turning switches to activate heating elements, or adjusting glue flow or conveyor speed.Importance 4.1
Show the other 13
  1. Train workers to set up, operate, and use automatic bindery machines.Importance 4.0
  2. Insert book bodies in devices that form back edges of books into convex shapes and produce grooves that facilitate cover attachment.Importance 4.4
  3. Bind new books, using hand tools such as bone folders, knives, hammers, or brass binding tools.Importance 4.3
  4. Cut binder boards to specified dimensions, using board shears, hand cutters, or cutting machines.Importance 4.3
  5. Cut cover material to specified dimensions, fitting and gluing material to binder boards by hand or machine.Importance 4.3
  6. Compress sewed or glued signatures, using hand presses or smashing machines.Importance 4.2
  7. Form book bodies by folding and sewing printed sheets to form signatures and assembling signatures in numerical order.Importance 4.2
  8. Imprint or emboss lettering, designs, or numbers on book covers, using gold, silver, or colored foil, and stamping machines.Importance 4.2
  9. Meet with clients, printers, or designers to discuss job requirements or binding plans.Importance 4.2
  10. Perform highly skilled hand finishing binding operations, such as grooving or lettering.Importance 4.2
  11. Design original or special bindings for limited editions or other custom binding projects.Importance 4.0
  12. Punch holes in and fasten paper sheets, signatures, or other material, using hand or machine punches and staplers.Importance 3.8
  13. Repair, restore, or rebind old, rare, or damaged books, using hand tools.Importance 3.6

Knowledge

Bodies of knowledge the work draws on.

  • Administration and ManagementImportance 3.5Level 3.0Level 4 looks like: Monitor progress of a project to ensure timely completion
  • Production and ProcessingImportance 3.4Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Supervise an appliance assembly line
  • MechanicalImportance 3.2Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Replace a valve on a steam pipe
  • Customer and Personal ServiceImportance 3.1Level 2.8
  • English LanguageImportance 2.9Level 2.7
  • MathematicsImportance 2.9Level 2.9
  • AdministrativeImportance 2.8Level 2.4Level 1 looks like: Direct phone calls to the appropriate staff member
  • Education and TrainingImportance 2.7Level 2.5Level 1 looks like: Show someone how to bowl
Show all 33
  • Computers and ElectronicsImportance 2.4Level 2.3Level 1 looks like: Operate a media player to watch a training video
  • Personnel and Human ResourcesImportance 2.2Level 2.0Level 1 looks like: Fill out a medical claim form
  • Sales and MarketingImportance 2.2Level 1.6Level 1 looks like: Sell cakes at a bake sale
  • DesignImportance 2.1Level 1.7Level 1 looks like: Draw a straight line 4 3/16 inches long
  • PsychologyImportance 1.9Level 1.4Level 1 looks like: Monitor several children on a playground
  • Engineering and TechnologyImportance 1.8Level 1.5Level 1 looks like: Install a door lock
  • PhysicsImportance 1.8Level 0.9Level 1 looks like: Use a crowbar to pry open a box
  • Economics and AccountingImportance 1.7Level 1.2Level 1 looks like: Answer billing questions from credit card customers
  • Public Safety and SecurityImportance 1.7Level 1.1Level 1 looks like: Use a seatbelt
  • ChemistryImportance 1.6Level 1.2Level 1 looks like: Use a common household bug spray
  • Communications and MediaImportance 1.5Level 0.8Level 1 looks like: Write a thank you note
  • TransportationImportance 1.5Level 0.7Level 1 looks like: Ride a train to work
  • TelecommunicationsImportance 1.4Level 0.6Level 1 looks like: Send an email
  • Building and ConstructionImportance 1.3Level —
  • Law and GovernmentImportance 1.3Level —
  • Fine ArtsImportance 1.2Level —
  • Food ProductionImportance 1.2Level —
  • GeographyImportance 1.2Level —
  • History and ArcheologyImportance 1.2Level —
  • Philosophy and TheologyImportance 1.2Level —
  • Sociology and AnthropologyImportance 1.2Level —
  • Therapy and CounselingImportance 1.2Level —
  • Foreign LanguageImportance 1.1Level —
  • Medicine and DentistryImportance 1.1Level —
  • BiologyImportance 1.0Level —

Abilities

Enduring capacities the work calls for.

  • Finger DexterityImportance 3.5Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Attach small dials to audio equipment on an assembly line
  • Near VisionImportance 3.5Level 3.6
  • Problem SensitivityImportance 3.5Level 3.0Level 2 looks like: Recognize that an unplugged lamp won't work
  • Arm-Hand SteadinessImportance 3.4Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Thread a needle
  • Manual DexterityImportance 3.4Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Pack oranges in crates as quickly as possible
  • Oral ComprehensionImportance 3.4Level 3.5Level 4 looks like: Understand a coach's oral instructions for a sport
  • Oral ExpressionImportance 3.4Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Give instructions to a lost motorist
  • Deductive ReasoningImportance 3.3Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Know that a stalled car can coast downhill
Show all 52
  • Speech ClarityImportance 3.3Level 2.8
  • VisualizationImportance 3.3Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Follow a diagram to assemble a metal storage cabinet
  • Control PrecisionImportance 3.1Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Adjust farm tractor controls
  • Inductive ReasoningImportance 3.1Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Decide what to wear based on the weather report
  • Selective AttentionImportance 3.1Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Answer a business call with coworkers talking nearby
  • Speech RecognitionImportance 3.1Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Recognize the voice of a coworker
  • Trunk StrengthImportance 3.1Level 3.0Level 2 looks like: Sit up in an office chair
  • Written ComprehensionImportance 3.1Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Understand signs on the highway
  • Information OrderingImportance 3.0Level 3.3Level 2 looks like: Follow the correct steps to make change
  • Multilimb CoordinationImportance 3.0Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Row a boat
  • Category FlexibilityImportance 2.9Level 3.0Level 3 looks like: Classify flowers according to size, color, and smell
  • Flexibility of ClosureImportance 2.9Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Look for a golf ball in tall grass
  • Perceptual SpeedImportance 2.9Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Read five pressure indicators in 10 seconds to make sure each is within safe limits
  • Reaction TimeImportance 2.9Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Press a button to stop operation when a warning light goes off
  • Written ExpressionImportance 2.9Level 2.8
  • Extent FlexibilityImportance 2.8Level 2.6Level 2 looks like: Reach to adjust the radio in a car
  • Far VisionImportance 2.8Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Read a roadside billboard
  • Rate ControlImportance 2.8Level 2.5Level 1 looks like: Ride a bicycle alongside a jogger
  • Static StrengthImportance 2.8Level 2.8
  • Visual Color DiscriminationImportance 2.8Level 2.9
  • Auditory AttentionImportance 2.6Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Listen to a lecture while people nearby are talking
  • Dynamic StrengthImportance 2.6Level 2.3Level 2 looks like: Use pruning shears to trim a bush
  • Depth PerceptionImportance 2.5Level 2.3Level 2 looks like: Merge a car into traffic on a city street
  • Fluency of IdeasImportance 2.5Level 2.5Level 2 looks like: Name four different uses for a screwdriver
  • Hearing SensitivityImportance 2.5Level 2.8Level 2 looks like: Notice a doorbell ringing
  • StaminaImportance 2.5Level 2.6
  • Time SharingImportance 2.5Level 2.8Level 3 looks like: Watch street signs while driving at 30 miles an hour
  • Explosive StrengthImportance 2.4Level 1.9Level 2 looks like: Hit a nail with a hammer
  • MemorizationImportance 2.4Level 2.1Level 1 looks like: Remember the number on your bus to be sure you get back on the right one
  • OriginalityImportance 2.4Level 2.4Level 2 looks like: Use a credit card to open a locked door
  • Speed of ClosureImportance 2.4Level 2.3Level 3 looks like: Recognize a song after hearing only the first few notes
  • Gross Body CoordinationImportance 2.3Level 2.1Level 2 looks like: Get in and out of a truck
  • Gross Body EquilibriumImportance 2.3Level 1.8Level 2 looks like: Stand on a ladder
  • Response OrientationImportance 2.1Level 2.3Level 2 looks like: When a doorbell and phone ring at the same time, quickly select which to answer first
  • Wrist-Finger SpeedImportance 2.1Level 2.0Level 2 looks like: Use a screwdriver to twist in a screw
  • Mathematical ReasoningImportance 2.0Level 1.8Level 1 looks like: Determine how much 20 oranges will cost when they are priced at 5 for 4 dollars
  • Number FacilityImportance 2.0Level 2.1Level 3 looks like: Calculate a discounted price
  • Peripheral VisionImportance 2.0Level 1.4Level 2 looks like: Keep in step while marching in a band
  • Spatial OrientationImportance 2.0Level 1.6Level 2 looks like: Use the floor plan to locate a store in a mall
  • Sound LocalizationImportance 1.9Level 1.8Level 2 looks like: Listen to a sound system to determine which speaker is working
  • Glare SensitivityImportance 1.8Level 1.3Level 2 looks like: Drive on a familiar road on a cloudy day
  • Night VisionImportance 1.8Level 1.3Level 2 looks like: Read street signs at dusk (just after sunset)
  • Dynamic FlexibilityImportance 1.5Level 1.0Level 2 looks like: Hand pick a bushel of apples from a tree
  • Speed of Limb MovementImportance 1.4Level 0.8

Work activities

Kinds of activity the work is made of.

  • Controlling Machines and ProcessesImportance 4.3Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Operate a drilling rig
  • Getting InformationImportance 4.2Level 3.8Level 4 looks like: Review a budget
  • Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsImportance 4.2Level 4.4Level 4 looks like: Test electrical circuits
  • Handling and Moving ObjectsImportance 4.0Level 5.3Level 4 looks like: Arrange books in a library
  • Making Decisions and Solving ProblemsImportance 3.9Level 3.9Level 4 looks like: Select the location for a major retail store
  • Identifying Objects, Actions, and EventsImportance 3.8Level 3.7Level 4 looks like: Judge the suitability of food products for an event
  • Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsImportance 3.7Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Inspect equipment in a chemical processing plant
  • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesImportance 3.6Level 3.7Level 4 looks like: Report the results of a sales meeting to a supervisor
Show all 41
  • Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleImportance 3.6Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Determine the value of property lost in a fire
  • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkImportance 3.6Level 3.9Level 4 looks like: Plan and adjust a personal to-do list according to changing demands
  • Performing General Physical ActivitiesImportance 3.6Level 3.8Level 4 looks like: Paint the outside of a house
  • Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentImportance 3.5Level 3.7Level 4 looks like: Change the oil on a tractor
  • Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationImportance 3.3Level 2.7
  • Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsImportance 3.3Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Evaluate a complicated insurance claim for compliance with policy terms
  • Interpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersImportance 3.3Level 2.9
  • Processing InformationImportance 3.3Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Calculate the adjustments for insurance claims
  • Training and Teaching OthersImportance 3.2Level 2.8
  • Coordinating the Work and Activities of OthersImportance 3.1Level 2.7
  • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsImportance 3.1Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Maintain good working relationships with almost all coworkers and clients
  • Thinking CreativelyImportance 3.1Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Adapt popular music for a high school marching band
  • Analyzing Data or InformationImportance 3.0Level 2.8
  • Coaching and Developing OthersImportance 3.0Level 3.0Level 4 looks like: Provide on-the-job training for administrative workers
  • Updating and Using Relevant KnowledgeImportance 3.0Level 3.0Level 4 looks like: Keep current on changes in maintenance procedures for repairing sports cars
  • Developing and Building TeamsImportance 2.9Level 2.4Level 1 looks like: Encourage two coworkers to stick with a tough assignment
  • Documenting/Recording InformationImportance 2.8Level 2.2Level 1 looks like: Record the weight of a patient during a routine health exam
  • Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentImportance 2.8Level 2.2Level 1 looks like: Drive a car
  • Working with ComputersImportance 2.8Level 2.3Level 1 looks like: Enter employee information into a database
  • Repairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentImportance 2.7Level 2.6
  • Developing Objectives and StrategiesImportance 2.6Level 2.3Level 1 looks like: Plan the holiday schedule for an airline workforce
  • Guiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesImportance 2.6Level 2.6
  • Scheduling Work and ActivitiesImportance 2.6Level 2.1Level 1 looks like: Make appointments for patients using a predetermined schedule
  • Assisting and Caring for OthersImportance 2.5Level 2.3Level 1 looks like: Help a coworker complete an assignment
  • Communicating with People Outside the OrganizationImportance 2.4Level 2.4Level 1 looks like: Have little contact with people outside the organization
  • Performing Administrative ActivitiesImportance 2.4Level 2.1Level 1 looks like: Complete routine paperwork
  • Providing Consultation and Advice to OthersImportance 2.4Level 2.3Level 1 looks like: Work in a position that requires little advising of others
  • Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersImportance 2.4Level 2.0Level 1 looks like: Apologize to a customer who complains about waiting too long
  • Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentImportance 2.1Level 1.6Level 1 looks like: Specify the lighting for a work area
  • Monitoring and Controlling ResourcesImportance 2.1Level 1.9Level 1 looks like: Work as a server responsible for keeping track of utensils
  • Performing for or Working Directly with the PublicImportance 2.0Level 1.6Level 1 looks like: Check tickets at a concert
  • Selling or Influencing OthersImportance 1.9Level 1.3Level 1 looks like: Convince a coworker to assist with an assignment
  • Staffing Organizational UnitsImportance 1.5Level —

Work context

The conditions most characteristic of the work, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale.

  • Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams4.7
  • Spend Time Standing4.7
  • Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team4.6
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate4.3
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled4.3
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls4.3
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions4.2
  • Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable4.0
  • Time Pressure3.9
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets3.9

Technology

11 tools

Software used in this work. In demand: among the tools job postings for this occupation name most. Hot: often named in job postings across the economy.

Hot (4)

  • Microsoft Excel
  • Microsoft Office software
  • Microsoft Outlook
  • Microsoft Word
Other tools (7)
  • Email software
  • Houchen Bindery Library Automated Retrieval System LARS
  • Label printing software
  • Microsoft Publisher
  • Trade Bindery Software Bindery Estimating System
  • Trade Bindery Software Bindery Management System
  • Web browser software

Related occupations

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ESCO equivalents

From the official ESCO–O*NET crosswalk, strongest match first. A broader occupation takes in this one; a narrower one is a part of it.

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This page includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under the CC BY 4.0 license; O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. ESCO occupations and skills are from the European Commission's ESCO classification, and the occupation crosswalk is the official ESCO–O*NET mapping by the ESCO Secretariat with USDOL/ETA. This service uses the ESCO classification of the European Commission. BlissPoint Analytics has modified all or some of this information: skill, task and descriptor ratings are rounded to one decimal, and ESCO occupations show Job Zone and interests copied from a crosswalked O*NET occupation. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.