Occupation AtlasJudges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
O*NET · 23-1023.00
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
35 more
Circuit Court Judge · Circuit Judge · County Court Judge · County Judge · Court of Appeals Judge · Criminal Court Judge · Criminal Judge · District Court Judge · District Judge · Election Judge · General Magistrate · Immigration Judge · Judge · Jurist · Justice · Justice of the Peace · Juvenile Court Judge · Legal Referee · Magisterial District Judge · Magistrate · Magistrate Judge · Municipal Court Judge · Municipal Court Magistrate · Municipal Judge · Police Judge · Police Justice · Police Magistrate · Presiding Judge · Probate Judge · Restorative Justice Coordinator · Superior Court Judge · Superior Court Justice · Trial Court Judge · Trial Justice · Tribal Judge
Compare with another occupationCompare with Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Job Zone
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
Zone 5: Extensive Preparation Needed
Extensive preparation. Usually a graduate degree, with extensive skill, knowledge and experience — many of these occupations expect more than five years of experience.
Job Zone is O*NET's rating of how much education, experience and training an occupation typically needs — a property of the work, not of anyone doing it.
Occupational interest profile
ECSEnterprising · Conventional · Social — the three strongest interests, in order
- E Enterprising5.27
- C Conventional4.11
- S Social3.96
- I Investigative3.81
- R Realistic2.33
- A Artistic2.19
RIASEC (Holland) interests on O*NET's 0–7 scale: what the work draws on, not what any individual prefers. Hover a row for what each dimension means.
Education and experience
The education level respondents say the job requires, and the most common answer for experience and training.
- Related work experience
- Over 8 years, up to and including 10 years (31%)
- On-site or in-plant training
- None (46%)
- On-the-job training
- None or short demonstration (36%)
Typically associated skills
All 35 O*NET skills, most important first. Importance (1–5) says how much a skill matters here; level (0–7) says how much of it the work calls for, with O*NET's example of a nearby level. Neither is a proficiency rating of a person.
- Active ListeningbasicImportance 5.0Level 5.9Level 6 looks like: Serve as a judge in a complex legal disagreement
- Critical ThinkingbasicImportance 4.9Level 5.8Level 6 looks like: Write legal brief challenging a federal law
- Judgment and Decision MakingImportance 4.3Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Evaluate a loan application for degree of risk
- Reading ComprehensionbasicImportance 4.3Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Understand an email from management describing new personnel policies
- Complex Problem SolvingImportance 4.1Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Redesign a floor layout to take advantage of new manufacturing techniques
- SpeakingbasicImportance 4.1Level 4.9Level 4 looks like: Interview applicants to obtain personal and work history
- WritingbasicImportance 4.1Level 4.9Level 4 looks like: Write an email to staff outlining new directives
- Active LearningbasicImportance 4.0Level 4.6Level 4 looks like: Determine the impact of new menu changes on a restaurant's purchasing requirements
- Social PerceptivenessImportance 4.0Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Be aware of how a coworker's promotion will affect a work group
- MonitoringbasicImportance 3.9Level 4.1Level 4 looks like: Monitor a meeting and revise the agenda to ensure important topics are discussed
- Time ManagementImportance 3.4Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Allocate the time of subordinates to projects for the coming week
- NegotiationImportance 3.3Level 3.9Level 4 looks like: Contract with a wholesaler to sell items at a given cost
Show the other 23
- PersuasionImportance 3.0Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Convince a supervisor to purchase new office equipment
- CoordinationImportance 3.0Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Work with others to put a new roof on a house
- Systems AnalysisImportance 3.0Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Determine how a new piece of equipment will affect production rates
- InstructingImportance 3.0Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Instruct a coworker in how to operate a software program
- Service OrientationImportance 3.0Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Ask customers if they would like a cup of coffee
- Management of Personnel ResourcesImportance 2.9Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Direct the activities of a road repair crew with minimal disruption of traffic flow
- Systems EvaluationImportance 2.9Level 3.0Level 2 looks like: Determine why estimates for the time to complete a task are overly optimistic
- Learning StrategiesbasicImportance 2.8Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Learn a different method of completing a task from a coworker
- Operations AnalysisImportance 2.4Level 2.4Level 2 looks like: Select a printer for an office
- MathematicsbasicImportance 2.1Level 2.1Level 2 looks like: Count the amount of change to be given to a customer
- SciencebasicImportance 1.8Level 1.4Level 2 looks like: Conduct standard tests to determine soil quality
- Technology DesignImportance 1.8Level 0.8
- Management of Financial ResourcesImportance 1.6Level 0.8
- Management of Material ResourcesImportance 1.6Level 0.8
- Operations MonitoringImportance 1.3Level —
- ProgrammingImportance 1.3Level —
- Equipment MaintenanceImportance 1.0Level —
- Equipment SelectionImportance 1.0Level —
- InstallationImportance 1.0Level —
- Operation and ControlImportance 1.0Level —
- Quality Control AnalysisImportance 1.0Level —
- RepairingImportance 1.0Level —
- TroubleshootingImportance 1.0Level —
Tasks
15 core · 6 supplementalWhat people in this occupation do, as O*NET records it, core tasks first by importance (1–5).
- Sentence defendants in criminal cases, on conviction by jury, according to applicable government statutes.Importance 4.8
- Instruct juries on applicable laws, direct juries to deduce the facts from the evidence presented, and hear their verdicts.Importance 4.7
- Monitor proceedings to ensure that all applicable rules and procedures are followed.Importance 4.7
- Rule on admissibility of evidence and methods of conducting testimony.Importance 4.6
- Preside over hearings and listen to allegations made by plaintiffs to determine whether the evidence supports the charges.Importance 4.6
- Read documents on pleadings and motions to ascertain facts and issues.Importance 4.6
- Advise attorneys, juries, litigants, and court personnel regarding conduct, issues, and proceedings.Importance 4.6
- Write decisions on cases.Importance 4.6
- Award compensation for damages to litigants in civil cases in relation to findings by juries or by the court.Importance 4.6
- Research legal issues and write opinions on the issues.Importance 4.5
- Interpret and enforce rules of procedure or establish new rules in situations where there are no procedures already established by law.Importance 4.4
- Issue arrest warrants.Importance 4.3
Show the other 9
- Settle disputes between opposing attorneys.Importance 4.2
- Impose restrictions upon parties in civil cases until trials can be held.Importance 3.8
- Supervise other judges, court officers, and the court's administrative staff.Importance 3.7
- Rule on custody and access disputes, and enforce court orders regarding custody and support of children.Importance 4.7
- Conduct preliminary hearings to decide issues, such as whether there is reasonable and probable cause to hold defendants in felony cases.Importance 4.6
- Grant divorces and divide assets between spouses.Importance 4.4
- Participate in judicial tribunals to help resolve disputes.Importance 4.3
- Provide information regarding the judicial system or other legal issues through the media and public speeches.Importance 2.9
- Perform wedding ceremonies.Importance 2.4
Knowledge
Bodies of knowledge the work draws on.
- Law and GovernmentImportance 4.9Level 6.2Level 7 looks like: Serve as a judge in a federal court
- English LanguageImportance 4.5Level 5.4Level 4 looks like: Edit an article for a news website
- Administration and ManagementImportance 3.6Level 4.7Level 4 looks like: Monitor progress of a project to ensure timely completion
- PsychologyImportance 3.4Level 4.5Level 4 looks like: Understand the impact of alcohol on human responses
- Customer and Personal ServiceImportance 3.3Level 4.2Level 4 looks like: Be responsible for 10 children at daycare
- Public Safety and SecurityImportance 3.1Level 3.2Level 4 looks like: Inspect a building site for safety violations
- Computers and ElectronicsImportance 2.8Level 3.2Level 4 looks like: Use a computer to format a document
- Therapy and CounselingImportance 2.7Level 3.3Level 4 looks like: Provide job counseling to the unemployed
Show all 33
- Personnel and Human ResourcesImportance 2.6Level 3.7Level 4 looks like: Interview applicants for an administrative position
- Communications and MediaImportance 2.5Level 2.8
- Sociology and AnthropologyImportance 2.5Level 2.7
- Education and TrainingImportance 2.3Level 2.6
- AdministrativeImportance 2.2Level 2.0Level 1 looks like: Direct phone calls to the appropriate staff member
- MathematicsImportance 2.1Level 2.5Level 1 looks like: Add two numbers
- Economics and AccountingImportance 2.0Level 1.4Level 1 looks like: Answer billing questions from credit card customers
- TelecommunicationsImportance 1.9Level 1.1Level 1 looks like: Send an email
- Foreign LanguageImportance 1.6Level 1.2Level 1 looks like: Say "please" and "thank you" in a foreign language
- GeographyImportance 1.6Level 0.9Level 1 looks like: Know the capital of the United States
- History and ArcheologyImportance 1.6Level 0.9Level 1 looks like: Take a class in US history
- Medicine and DentistryImportance 1.6Level 0.9Level 1 looks like: Use a band-aid
- Philosophy and TheologyImportance 1.6Level 1.4Level 1 looks like: Watch a TV show on family values
- TransportationImportance 1.5Level —
- BiologyImportance 1.4Level 0.7Level 1 looks like: Feed domestic animals
- ChemistryImportance 1.4Level 0.5Level 1 looks like: Use a common household bug spray
- Building and ConstructionImportance 1.3Level —
- PhysicsImportance 1.3Level 0.6Level 1 looks like: Use a crowbar to pry open a box
- Engineering and TechnologyImportance 1.2Level —
- MechanicalImportance 1.2Level —
- Production and ProcessingImportance 1.1Level —
- Sales and MarketingImportance 1.1Level —
- DesignImportance 1.0Level —
- Fine ArtsImportance 1.0Level —
- Food ProductionImportance 1.0Level —
Abilities
Enduring capacities the work calls for.
- Deductive ReasoningImportance 4.6Level 5.0Level 5 looks like: Decide what factors to consider in selecting stocks
- Oral ComprehensionImportance 4.6Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Understand a coach's oral instructions for a sport
- Written ComprehensionImportance 4.4Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Understand an apartment lease
- Inductive ReasoningImportance 4.3Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Determine the prime suspect based on crime scene evidence
- Oral ExpressionImportance 4.3Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Give instructions to a lost motorist
- Speech ClarityImportance 4.1Level 4.4Level 4 looks like: Make stadium-wide announcements during a sporting event
- Written ExpressionImportance 4.1Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Write a job recommendation for a subordinate
- Near VisionImportance 4.0Level 4.5Level 5 looks like: Read the fine print of a legal document
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- Problem SensitivityImportance 4.0Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Notice from a subtle difference in a client's mood that something is bothering them
- Speech RecognitionImportance 4.0Level 4.0Level 4 looks like: Identify a former customer's voice over the phone
- Information OrderingImportance 3.9Level 4.0Level 2 looks like: Follow the correct steps to make change
- Category FlexibilityImportance 3.3Level 3.1Level 3 looks like: Classify flowers according to size, color, and smell
- Fluency of IdeasImportance 3.0Level 3.8Level 4 looks like: Think of as many ideas as possible for the name of a new company
- OriginalityImportance 3.0Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Redesign job tasks to be interesting for employees
- Selective AttentionImportance 3.0Level 3.0Level 2 looks like: Answer a business call with coworkers talking nearby
- Flexibility of ClosureImportance 2.9Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Look for a golf ball in tall grass
- Speed of ClosureImportance 2.9Level 3.0Level 3 looks like: Recognize a song after hearing only the first few notes
- MemorizationImportance 2.8Level 2.9
- Perceptual SpeedImportance 2.8Level 2.6Level 2 looks like: Sort mail according to ZIP codes with no time pressure
- Time SharingImportance 2.6Level 2.8Level 3 looks like: Watch street signs while driving at 30 miles an hour
- Far VisionImportance 2.4Level 2.9Level 2 looks like: Read a roadside billboard
- Mathematical ReasoningImportance 2.1Level 2.6
- Number FacilityImportance 2.0Level 2.3Level 3 looks like: Calculate a discounted price
- Visual Color DiscriminationImportance 2.0Level 1.1Level 1 looks like: Separate laundry into colors and whites
- VisualizationImportance 2.0Level 1.9Level 2 looks like: Imagine how to place paper in a printer so that the letterhead comes out on top
- Auditory AttentionImportance 1.9Level 1.3Level 2 looks like: Listen to a lecture while people nearby are talking
- Hearing SensitivityImportance 1.9Level 1.0Level 2 looks like: Notice a doorbell ringing
- Finger DexterityImportance 1.5Level 0.6
- Gross Body CoordinationImportance 1.4Level 0.5
- Dynamic StrengthImportance 1.1Level —
- Reaction TimeImportance 1.1Level —
- Response OrientationImportance 1.1Level —
- Static StrengthImportance 1.1Level —
- Trunk StrengthImportance 1.1Level —
- Arm-Hand SteadinessImportance 1.0Level —
- Control PrecisionImportance 1.0Level —
- Depth PerceptionImportance 1.0Level —
- Dynamic FlexibilityImportance 1.0Level —
- Explosive StrengthImportance 1.0Level —
- Extent FlexibilityImportance 1.0Level —
- Glare SensitivityImportance 1.0Level —
- Gross Body EquilibriumImportance 1.0Level —
- Manual DexterityImportance 1.0Level —
- Multilimb CoordinationImportance 1.0Level —
- Night VisionImportance 1.0Level —
- Peripheral VisionImportance 1.0Level —
- Rate ControlImportance 1.0Level —
- Sound LocalizationImportance 1.0Level —
- Spatial OrientationImportance 1.0Level —
- Speed of Limb MovementImportance 1.0Level —
- StaminaImportance 1.0Level —
- Wrist-Finger SpeedImportance 1.0Level —
Work activities
Kinds of activity the work is made of.
- Making Decisions and Solving ProblemsImportance 4.9Level 6.7Level 7 looks like: Make the final decision about a company's 5-year plan
- Getting InformationImportance 4.8Level 6.1Level 7 looks like: Study international tax laws
- Performing for or Working Directly with the PublicImportance 4.6Level 5.7
- Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with StandardsImportance 4.5Level 6.2Level 7 looks like: Make a ruling in court on a complicated motion
- Processing InformationImportance 4.4Level 5.3Level 4 looks like: Calculate the adjustments for insurance claims
- Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or PeopleImportance 4.2Level 5.5Level 4 looks like: Determine the value of property lost in a fire
- Updating and Using Relevant KnowledgeImportance 4.2Level 5.5Level 4 looks like: Keep current on changes in maintenance procedures for repairing sports cars
- Identifying Objects, Actions, and EventsImportance 4.1Level 5.3Level 4 looks like: Judge the suitability of food products for an event
Show all 41
- Documenting/Recording InformationImportance 4.0Level 4.3Level 4 looks like: Document the results of a crime scene investigation
- Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing WorkImportance 3.9Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Plan and adjust a personal to-do list according to changing demands
- Interpreting the Meaning of Information for OthersImportance 3.8Level 4.2Level 4 looks like: Interpret how foreign tax laws apply to U.S. exports
- Scheduling Work and ActivitiesImportance 3.8Level 4.5Level 4 looks like: Prepare the work schedule for salesclerks in a large retail store
- Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or SubordinatesImportance 3.6Level 5.0Level 4 looks like: Report the results of a sales meeting to a supervisor
- Working with ComputersImportance 3.6Level 3.7Level 4 looks like: Write software for keeping track of parts in inventory
- Analyzing Data or InformationImportance 3.5Level 4.3Level 4 looks like: Determine the interest cost to finance a new building
- Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal RelationshipsImportance 3.5Level 4.6Level 4 looks like: Maintain good working relationships with almost all coworkers and clients
- Performing Administrative ActivitiesImportance 3.5Level 4.2Level 4 looks like: Complete tax forms for a small business
- Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with OthersImportance 3.5Level 4.8Level 4 looks like: Get two subordinates to agree about vacation schedules
- Communicating with People Outside the OrganizationImportance 3.4Level 4.3Level 4 looks like: Present information to potential clients about available services
- Coordinating the Work and Activities of OthersImportance 3.1Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Organize the cleanup crew after a major sporting event
- Thinking CreativelyImportance 3.1Level 3.6Level 4 looks like: Adapt popular music for a high school marching band
- Guiding, Directing, and Motivating SubordinatesImportance 2.8Level 3.4Level 4 looks like: Manage a small team of employees in a dynamic workplace
- Developing Objectives and StrategiesImportance 2.7Level 3.2Level 4 looks like: Develop the plan to complete the merger of two organizations over a 3-year period
- Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or InformationImportance 2.7Level 2.6
- Monitoring Processes, Materials, or SurroundingsImportance 2.7Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Test electrical circuits
- Developing and Building TeamsImportance 2.6Level 3.1Level 4 looks like: Lead an assembly team in an automobile plant
- Training and Teaching OthersImportance 2.5Level 2.5Level 1 looks like: Give coworkers brief instructions on a simple procedural change
- Assisting and Caring for OthersImportance 2.3Level 2.2Level 1 looks like: Help a coworker complete an assignment
- Coaching and Developing OthersImportance 2.3Level 2.4Level 1 looks like: Show a coworker how to operate a piece of equipment
- Providing Consultation and Advice to OthersImportance 2.2Level 2.8
- Controlling Machines and ProcessesImportance 2.0Level 1.6Level 1 looks like: Operate a cash register
- Selling or Influencing OthersImportance 1.8Level 1.7Level 1 looks like: Convince a coworker to assist with an assignment
- Staffing Organizational UnitsImportance 1.8Level 1.7Level 1 looks like: Work in a position that has minimal staffing requirements
- Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or MaterialsImportance 1.7Level 1.3Level 1 looks like: Check that doors to building are locked
- Monitoring and Controlling ResourcesImportance 1.6Level 1.3Level 1 looks like: Work as a server responsible for keeping track of utensils
- Handling and Moving ObjectsImportance 1.5Level 0.9Level 1 looks like: Change settings on copy machines
- Repairing and Maintaining Electronic EquipmentImportance 1.4Level 0.6Level 1 looks like: Use display settings to adjust a television picture
- Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and EquipmentImportance 1.3Level —
- Performing General Physical ActivitiesImportance 1.3Level 0.6Level 1 looks like: Walk between workstations in a small office
- Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or EquipmentImportance 1.2Level —
- Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical EquipmentImportance 1.1Level —
Work context
The conditions most characteristic of the work, on O*NET's 1–5 context scale.
Technology
15 toolsSoftware used in this work. In demand: among the tools job postings for this occupation name most. Hot: often named in job postings across the economy.
In demand (3)
- Microsoft Excelhot
- Microsoft Office softwarehot
- Microsoft Outlookhot
Hot (3; 3 more marked hot above)
- Adobe Acrobat
- Microsoft PowerPoint
- Microsoft Word
Other tools (9)
- Courtroom scheduling software
- Email software
- Hyland OnBase Enterprise Content Management
- LexisNexis
- Online databases
- Thomson Reuters Westlaw
- Videoconferencing software
- Web browser software
Related occupations
O*NET's own list of the occupations most related to this one, closest first.
ESCO equivalents
From the official ESCO–O*NET crosswalk, strongest match first. A broader occupation takes in this one; a narrower one is a part of it.
Closest occupations
Compare any occupation →Other O*NET occupations whose importance ratings on the 35 skills both rate are nearest to this one's, with the biggest differences named. A plain rule, not a hidden score.
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Average difference 0.1 points · Operations Analysis −0.9, Active Listening −0.5
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Lawyers
Average difference 0.2 points · Persuasion +1.0, Negotiation +0.7
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Mental Health Counselors
Average difference 0.2 points · Social Perceptiveness +1.0, Science +1.0
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Clinical and Counseling Psychologists
Average difference 0.3 points · Learning Strategies +0.8, Operations Analysis −0.8
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
History Teachers, Postsecondary
Average difference 0.3 points · Learning Strategies +1.3, Critical Thinking −1.0
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary
Average difference 0.3 points · Learning Strategies +1.2, Instructing +1.0
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Education Teachers, Postsecondary
Average difference 0.3 points · Learning Strategies +1.3, Judgment and Decision Making −1.2
O*NET · Zone 5 · Compare
Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers
Average difference 0.3 points · Critical Thinking −0.9, Quality Control Analysis +0.8
O*NET · Zone 4 · Compare
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This page includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under the CC BY 4.0 license; O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. ESCO occupations and skills are from the European Commission's ESCO classification, and the occupation crosswalk is the official ESCO–O*NET mapping by the ESCO Secretariat with USDOL/ETA. This service uses the ESCO classification of the European Commission. BlissPoint Analytics has modified all or some of this information: skill, task and descriptor ratings are rounded to one decimal, and ESCO occupations show Job Zone and interests copied from a crosswalked O*NET occupation. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.